$B8&5f>R2p(B(2011$BG/EY(B)

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$B?^(B1$B$K3Q1?F0NL<};Y2r@O$h$jF@$i$l$?G.BSDc5$05$NFbIt%3%"NN0h$K$*$1$k<4BP>N@.J,$K$h$k(B $B@\@~IwB.$N2CB.EY!"COI=LLK`;$!&MpN.$K$h$k2CB.EY!"Hs<4BP>N@.J,$K$h$k2CB.EY$N1tD>CGLL(B $B$r<($9!#9bEY(B1 km$B0J2<$G!"<4BP>N@.J,$O:GBgIwB.H>7BIU6a$G@\@~IwB.$r2CB.$9$k0lJ}$G!"(B $BHs<4BP>N@.J,$O@\@~IwB.$r8:B.$5$;$F$$$k$3$H$,8+$FN@.J,$K$h$k(B $B8:B.$O!"<4BP>N@.J,$K$h$k2CB.$KBP$7$F$*$h$=(B10$B!sDxEY$NBg$-$5$G$"$k$3$H$b8+$FN@.J,$K$h$k2CB.EY$N(B $B:GBgCM!"Hs<4BP>N@.J,$K$h$k2CB.EY$N:GBgCM!"<4BP>N@.J,$N2CB.EY$KBP$9$kHs<4BP>N@.J,$N(B $B2CB.EY$N3d9g$r<($9!#$I$N%1!<%9$G$b!"Hs<4BP>N@.J,$K$h$k8:B.$O!"<4BP>N@.J,$K$h$k2CB.$K(B $BBP$7$F$*$h$=(B10%$BDxEY$N4sM?$r<($7$F$$$k!#$^$?!":GBgIwB.$,Bg$-$/$J$k$H$H$b$KHs<4BP>N@.J,(B $B$K$h$k8:B.$N4sM?$,Bg$-$/$J$k$3$H$b8+$FN@.J,$K$h$k8:B.$N4sM?$rL5;k$9$k$3$H$OE,@Z$G$O$J$$$H9M$($i$l$k!#(B

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fig01

$B?^(B 1: CReSS$B$rMQ$$$?%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s7k2L$K!"3Q1?F0NL<};Y2r@O$r9T$&$3$H$GF@$i$l$?G.BSDc5$05$N(B $BFbIt%3%"NN0h$K$*$1$k<4BP>N@.J,$K$h$k@\@~IwB.$N2CB.EY!J>e!K!"COI=LLK`;$!&MpN.$K$h$k(B $B2CB.EY!JCf!K!"Hs<4BP>N@.J,$K$h$k2CB.EY!J2CGLL?^!#G;C8$,Ii$N2CB.EY!J8:B.!K$X$N(B $B4sM?$r<($9!#2#<4$OBfIwCf?4$+$i$N5wN%$r!"=D<4$O9bEY$r<($7!"2CB.EY$O9bEYKh$KH>7BJ}8~$K(B $BJ?6Q$7$?CM$G$"$k!#B@%W%m%U%!%$%k$r<($9!#(B

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tab01

X$B%P%s%IJPGH%l!<%@$*$h$S1@N3;R%>%s%G$rMQ$$$?G_1+4|$N2-Fl0h$K$*$1$kAX>u@-9_?e0h$NI9N3;R4QB,(B

$BG_1+4|$N2-Fl0h$KBeI=$5$l$k$h$&$J9b<>=a4D6->l$G$O!"%l!<%@H?u@-9_?e$,IQHK$K4QB,$5$l$k!#$3$N$h$&$J6/$$AX>u@-9_?e$r$b$?$i$91@J*M}2aDx$rM}2r$9$k(B $B$?$a$K!"(B2011$BG/G_1+4|$K2-Fl8)$N0@9qEg$G!"L>8E20Bg3XCO5e?e=[4D8&5f%;%s%?!<$N(BX$B%P%s%I(B $BJPGH%l!<%@!J(BMP$B%l!<%@!K!"1@N3;R%>%s%G!J(BHYVIS$B!K!"%G%#%9%I%m%a!<%?$rMQ$$$?4QB,$ru@-9_?e0h$NM;2rAX>e6u$NI9N3;R$N7A>u$dN37B$J$I$NFC@-$H!"(B $BJPGH%Q%i%a!<%?$dCO>e$K$*$1$k1+E)N37BJ,I[!J(BDropsize distribution: DSD$B!K$NFCD'$H$N(B $B4XO"$r<($9$3$H$rK\8&5f$NL\E*$H$9$k!#(B

HYVIS$B$O%P%k!<%s$K$h$j1@Fb$r>e>:$7$J$,$i!"FbIt$N@\e$KIUCe$7$?N37B(B7 μm$B!A(B2 cm$B$N1@N3;R$r;#1F$9$k4QB,5!4o$G$"$k!#(BHYVIS$BJ|5eCf$O!"(B MP$B%l!<%@$K$h$k(B6$BJ,Kh$N%\%j%e!<%`%9%-%c%s4QB,$K2C$(!"HtMH$9$k(BHYVIS$BJ}8~$N1tD>CGLL(B $B!J(BRange Height Indicator: RHI$B!K4QB,$b9T$C$?!#CO>e$G$O%G%#%9%I%m%a!<%?$rMQ$$$?(B DSD$B4QB,$b

$B$3$N$&$A!"(B6$B7n(B1$BF|(B15$B;~(B40$BJ,$KJ|5e$7$?(BHYVIS$B$O!"G_1+A0@~$KH<$&AX>u@-9_?e0h$NM;2rAX(B $B!J(B0°C $B9bEY(B: 4.5 km$B!K$h$j>eAX$NI9N3;R$r4QB,$7$?!#$3$NAX>u@-9_?e0h$,(BMP$B%l!<%@@_CVCOE@$r(B $BDL2a$7$?:]$K!"CO>e$G9_?e6/EY(B20 mm h-1 $B$K$*$h$V9_?e$,4QB,$5$l$?!#(B $B%G%#%9%I%m%a!<%?$G4QB,$5$l$?(B DSD $B4X?t$N@ZJR(B Nw $B$OBg$-$JCM(B $B!J(B104 mm-1m-3$B!K$r<($7$F$*$j!"?tB?$/$N>.!ACfDxEY$NN37B$N1+E)$,!"(B $BBg$-$JCO>e9_?eNL$K4sM?$7$?$H9M$($i$l$k!#?^(B2$B$K!"$3$NAX>u@-9_?e0h$rBP>]$H$7$?(BRHI $B4QB,(B $B$K$h$kJPGH%Q%i%a!<%?$NCM$NIQEY$N1tD>%W%m%U%!%$%k$r<($9!#9bEY(B4.5$B!A(B5 km $B$KM;2rAX$,(B $BB8:_$7!"M;2rAX$h$j2h$B!K$O(B40 dBZ$B0J>e$NCM$r<($7$?!#(B $B%l!<%@H?DR$B!K$NJ?6QCM$O$*$h$=(B1.5 dB$B!"JPGH4VAj4X78?t(B $B!J(Bρhv$B!K$O(B0.99$B0J>e$G$"$C$?!#JPGH%Q%i%a!<%?$N9bEYJ}8~$NJQ2=$,(B $B>.$5$+$C$?$3$H$+$i!"1+E)$N>xH/$d>WFMJ;9g$K$h$k1+E)N37B$NJQ2=$O>.$5$+$C$?$H9M$($i$l$k!#(B

$B0lJ}!"M;2rAX$h$j>eAX!J9bEY(B5$B!A(B6 km$B!K$G$O!"(BZDR$B$O(B0.25 dB$B!"JPGH4V0LAj:9JQ2=N((B $B!J(BKDP$B!K$O(B0.3 - 0.5 ° km-1$B$H@5$NCM$r<($7$F$$$k!#$[$\F1;~9o$N(B $B9bEY(B5.2$B!A(B6 km$B$NHO0O$K$*$1$k(BHYVIS $B$N82Hy6@%+%a%i$K$h$k4QB,$G$O!"D97B$,(B200$B!A(B500 μm$B$N(B $B3QCl7k>=!J?^(B3a$B!K!"3QHD7k>=!J?^(B3b$B!K!"8]7?7k>=!J?^(B3c$B!K$,3NG'$5$l$?!#0lJ}!"(B $Bu7k>=$d1@N3IU$-$N7k>=$O4QB,$5$l$J$+$C$?!#$3$NHO0O$N2DR$B$d(BKDP$B$N@5$NCM$O!"(B $B3QCl7k>=$d3QHD7k>=$,Bn1[$9$kNN0h$G$"$k$3$H$r<($7$F$$$k$H9M$($i$l$k!#M;2rAX$h$j$b>eAX$G!"(B 200 μm $B0J>e$N3QCl7k>=!"3QHD7k>=!"8]7?7k>=$,6E=8$7$FB??t$N@cJR$r7A@.$7!"M;2rAX$h$j$b(B $B2.$5$J1+E)$,7A@.$5$l$k$3$H$G!"9_?e6/EY$NBg$-$JAX>u@-9_?e$,$b$?$i$5$l$?$H(B $B9M$($i$l$k!#(B

fig02

$B?^(B 2: 2011$BG/(B6$B7n(B1$BF|(B16$B;~(B11$BJ,$N(BRHI$B4QB,$K$h$kJPGH%Q%i%a!<%?$NIQEY!JG;C8!K$HJ?6QCM!JGK@~!K$N(B $B1tD>%W%m%U%!%$%k!#$3$N;~9o$K(BHYVIS$B$O%l!<%@$+$i(B12.8 km$BCOE@$N>e6u$K0LCV$7$F$$$?$?$a!"(B $B%l!<%@$+$i$N5wN%$,(B2.8 km$B$+$i(B22.8 km$B$^$G$NHO0O$NJPGH%Q%i%a!<%?$NCM$GIQEYJ,I[!"J?6QCM$r(B $B7W;;$7$F$$$k!#9bEY$N9o$_$O(B0.5 km$B$G$"$k!#(B (a) $B%l!<%@H?h$B!K!"(B (b) $B%l!<%@H?DR$B!K!"(B (c) $BJPGH4V0LAj:9JQ2=N(!J(BKDP$B!K!"(B $B$*$h$S(B (d) $BJPGH4VAj4X78?t!J(Bρhv$B!K$r<($9!#(B $BIQEYJ,I[$N%S%s%5%$%:$O$=$l$>$l!"(B2.5 dBZ$B!"(B0.25 dB$B!"(B0.25 °km-1$B!"(B0.015$B$G$"$k!#(B

fig03

$B?^(B 3: 2011$BG/(B6$B7n(B1$BF|(B15$B;~(B40$BJ,$KJ|5e$5$l$?(BHYVIS$B$N82Hy6@2hA|$G4QB,$5$l$?I9N3;R$NNc!#(B (a) $B3QCl7k>=!"(B(b) $B3QHD7k>=!"(B(c) $B8]7?7k>=!"(B(d) $B@cJR$r<($9!#Lp0u$ON3;R$ND97B$r<($9!#(B

2010$BG/#77n(B15$BF|$K4tIl8)FnIt$G9k1+$r$b$?$i$7$?9_?e%7%9%F%`$NFCD'(B

2010$BG/(B7$B7n(B15$BF|$K4tIl8)FnIt$K$*$$$F@~>u$N9_?e%7%9%F%`$K$h$j9k1+$,$b$?$i$5$l$?!#(B $BK\8&5f$G$O!"9qEZ8rDL>J$N(BX$B%P%s%IJPGH%l!<%@!J(BMP$B%l!<%@!K$K$h$k4QB,%G!<%?$rMQ$$$F!"(B $B9_?eNLJ,I[$N;~4VJQ2=$r2r@O$7!"B?NL$N9_?eNL$,$b$?$i$5$l$?2aDx$H9_?e%7%9%F%`$NFCD'(B $B$rD4$Y$?!#JPGH4V0LAj:9JQ2=N(!J(BKDP$B!K$rMQ$$$F!"(B5$BJ,4V3V$G(B1 km$B!_(B1 km$B!_(B0.25 km $B$N$N(B $B6u4V2rA|EY$G(B3$Bu9_?eBS$r9=@.$9$k%;%k$H%;%k72$NFC@-$rD4$Y$?!#9_?e%;%k$O!"(B 4 mm/5 min$B0J>e$N9_?e6/EY$r$b$DNN0h$N$&$A6KBgCM$r(B1$B$D$b$DNN0h$H$7$FDj5A$7!"(B $B%;%k72$O9_?e%;%k$r(B1$B$D$J$$$7J#?t4^$`NN0h$H$7$FDj5A$7$?!#(B

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tab02

fig04

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fig05

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fig06

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fig07

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fig08

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fig09

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